{"id":16221,"date":"2025-02-05T17:47:41","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T17:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.toggl.com\/?p=16221"},"modified":"2025-02-05T17:49:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T17:49:54","slug":"after-action-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/after-action-review","title":{"rendered":"Try Toggl\u2019s (Better) Approach to After-Action Reviews"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>One of the workplace&#8217;s most innovative review processes originated in an unlikely place: <strong>the U.S. Army<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While after-action reviews (AARs) have been tweaked to make them more applicable to project management, team evaluations, and organizational learning, we still believe the process can be modernized even more.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At Toggl, we believe there&#8217;s a better approach, and that&#8217;s why we&#8217;ve tried to modernize the traditional version of after-action reviews. Follow along as we explain the four phases of this review methodology and how you can adopt it in your organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TL;DR \u2014 Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AARs originated in the U.S. Army in the \u201870s, but the business world has <strong>adapted them to more modern use cases<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An AAR\u2019s four phases are design, prepare, implement, and disseminate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AARs benefit organizations in numerous ways, such as promoting transparency, improving collaboration, and preventing <a href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-scope-creep\"><u>project scope creep<\/u><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We think the AAR can be modernized even further by focusing on data and making attendance mandatory for key participants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n        <div class=\"mb-8\">\n            <span class=\"block text-dark-purple-100 opacity-60 uppercase mb-2 text-sm font-bold\">Further Reading:<\/span>\n            <div class=\"border-t-[3px] border-b border-yellow-100 py-4 pb-2 lg:grid lg:gap-8 lg:grid-cols-2\">\n                                    <div class=\"mb-4 lg:mb-2\">\n                        <a class=\"flex items-center hover:italic hover:text-dark-purple-80\" href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-scope-creep\" title=\"What Is Scope Creep In Project Management &#038; How To Prevent It\" aria-label=\"What Is Scope Creep In Project Management &#038; How To Prevent It\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"rounded-full w-14 h-14 mr-4 object-cover\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/blog-scope-creep-112x59.jpg\" alt=\"What Is Scope Creep In Project Management &#038; How To Prevent It\" width=\"56\" height=\"56\">\n                            <span class=\"font-semibold font-heading leading-snug\">What Is Scope Creep In Project Management &#038; How To Prevent It<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"mb-4 lg:mb-2\">\n                        <a class=\"flex items-center hover:italic hover:text-dark-purple-80\" href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-cost-management\" title=\"Master Project Cost Management With Our Expert Tips\" aria-label=\"Master Project Cost Management With Our Expert Tips\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"rounded-full w-14 h-14 mr-4 object-cover\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/project-controls-112x67.png\" alt=\"Master Project Cost Management With Our Expert Tips\" width=\"56\" height=\"56\">\n                            <span class=\"font-semibold font-heading leading-snug\">Master Project Cost Management With Our Expert Tips<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is an after-action review?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An AAR is a <strong>structured process for evaluating the success of a project, task, or event<\/strong>. Originating in the 1970s with the U.S. Army, AARs were introduced to replace traditional, top-down performance reviews. The process focused on reflecting on soldiers&#8217; mistakes and achievements so these learnings could shape their future performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though their roots are in the military, AARs have sprouted up across every industry, from business to education to finance. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control even conducted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/conducting-after-action-reviews-public-health-response-covid-19-update-0\" target=\"_blank\"><u>AARs of the public health response to COVID-19<\/u><\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why? Because <strong>AARs welcome participatory communication with a narrative-driven approach<\/strong>. Rather than honing in on specific failures or successes, they allow teams to collaborate and analyze the history of the action or event they\u2019re reviewing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach replaces any nasty feelings of resentment with a sense of continuous improvement and optimism. That\u2019s something <em>any<\/em> organization can get behind.<\/p>\n\n\n        <div class=\"mb-8 top-tip\">\n            \n                            <span class=\"flex items-center text-dark-purple-100 opacity-60 uppercase mb-2 text-sm font-bold\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"!w-6 !h-6 !object-contain mr-2\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/toggl-mjtweaver\/img\/brain.png\" alt=\"Top tips to enlarge those brains\" aria-label=\"Top tips to enlarge those brains\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" loading=\"lazy\">    \n                    <span>Top tip:<\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            \n            <div class=\"bg-yellow-30 border-t-[3px] border-yellow-100 px-6 pt-6 pb-2\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>An effective AAR focuses on three points:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>What went well<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>What didn\u2019t go well<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>What can we learn to improve future team performance<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The four parts of the after-action review process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The military\u2019s OG AAR \u2014 whether an informal AAR or a formal AAR \u2014 had four questions that formed the foundation of the entire process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What did we expect to happen?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What <em>actually<\/em> happened?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why was there a difference between what we expected and what actually happened?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What can we change next time?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of US military after-action review\" class=\"wp-image-56336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-404x404.jpg 404w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-760x760.jpg 760w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-806x806.jpg 806w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review-112x112.jpg 112w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Parts-of-US-military-after-action-review.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In our modern usage, we can break the AAR process down into four parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The design step in the AAR process involves creating a structured plan and setting some ground rules. In this phase, you\u2019ll focus on key topics like goals, participants, and desired outcomes. To do so, it\u2019s vital to outline the scope of the review and establish how it will align with your team or organizational objectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u200bOutlining the scope of the review sets clear boundaries and expectations for the AAR discussion, keeping it focused and relevant. You don\u2019t want your discussion veering off track or your team members showing up unprepared. A solid design step sets you up to gain <strong>more productive and actionable recommendations<\/strong> at the end of the process. Plus, you can tweak the process so it fits your team like a glove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>I love that the AAR has not become bureaucratized; we use it in different ways to fit our needs. Some AARs last only 10 minutes; others come at scheduled times during major marketing initiatives, with notes recorded and disseminated throughout our division. No complicated achievement levels to track, software to update, or lengthy courses to complete.<\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/chiefexecutive.net\/the-us-armys-secret-to-building-a-leader-driven-learning-culture-after-action-reviews\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u>Pratt &amp; Whitney President Military Engines Matthew Bromberg<\/u><\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prepare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, gather data, identify stakeholders, and set up the logistics for the review. This includes <strong>using helpful tools to consolidate relevant project information<\/strong>\u200c \u2014 \u200clike meeting notes, project reports, <a href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-metrics\"><u>performance metrics<\/u><\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you slack on this step, you will leave room for ambiguity, derail discussions, and negatively impact your decision-making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Your AAR discussion officially begins in the implementation step. To conduct AARs successfully, you might need a third-party facilitator (like the military) or even a note-taker. This encourages <strong><em>all<\/em> participants to share their perspectives<\/strong> and have a truly open discussion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conversation should cover \u200ckey points similar to the Army&#8217;s AAR discussion: what was supposed to happen, what actually happened, and how to improve next time. Don&#8217;t play the blame game here; otherwise, your team won&#8217;t feel fully safe and encouraged to contribute honestly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disseminate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this final phase, you\u2019ll develop an after-action report that summarizes your key findings, actionable insights, and recommendations from the review. Share this with relevant stakeholders and reference it in future projects. You don\u2019t want to lose any insights from your discussion because they\u2019ll <strong>act as a roadmap for implementing changes<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A tool like Toggl Track delivers extra value in this final part. It tracks insights efficiently and monitors the impact of the changes you decide to implement so you can follow up on how successful your AARs are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4 benefits of AARs in project management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Adopting a military-inspired approach in your organization might initially scare you. Is it too rigid? Will your team shy away, worried that any response other than &#8220;Yes ma&#8217;am&#8221; or &#8220;Yes sir&#8221; will result in corrective actions? We promise that&#8217;s <em>not<\/em> the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AARs are hugely effective in project management, with plenty of real-world benefits. Consistent AARs will boost your project efficiency and team morale so you can <strong>operate efficiently and effectively as a structured military unit<\/strong>. Here&#8217;s why:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AARs promote transparency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>AARs encourage <strong>everyone to voice their opinions and concerns in a structured way<\/strong>. Open-ended questions can encourage quieter participants and keep the insights and perspectives flowing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No mind-reading is required \u2014 \u200ceveryone stays on the same page to deliver the transparency your business needs to thrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AARs improve team communication<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>AARs create a no-blame environment where everyone feels heard. It\u2019s a chance for your team members to speak up and be heard equally. When they see you\u2019re valuing and acting upon their input, it builds trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The AAR has become a verb! We try to listen to each other, share ideas and, as a result, have become a much more cohesive and democratic group. Our employees have a voice, hold themselves accountable, and love working here.<\/p>\n<cite>Morgan Stanley Managing Director Ben Firestein&nbsp;<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AARs identify actionable lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>AARs help you identify actionable lessons by zeroing in on the root cause of what worked and what didn\u2019t. You can pinpoint any specific challenges that arose during the project, all while capturing diverse perspectives from the entire team. Everyone agrees on the main takeaways and next steps, driving a culture of continuous improvement. The key is these lessons are <strong>specific and applicable to future projects<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AARs prevent scope creep<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to focus on <em>what really matters<\/em>. But it\u2019s still easy to get off track. AARs force you to reflect on your project outcomes, which <strong>identifies any deviations from the original action plan<\/strong>. Going forward, you can learn from your AARs to keep everyone aligned with the project\u2019s core objectives \u2014 and minimize unnecessary changes that derail your <a href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/track-project-progress\"><u>project&#8217;s progress<\/u><\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n        <div class=\"mb-8\">\n            <span class=\"block text-dark-purple-100 opacity-60 uppercase mb-2 text-sm font-bold\">Further Reading:<\/span>\n            <div class=\"border-t-[3px] border-b border-yellow-100 py-4 pb-2 lg:grid lg:gap-8\">\n                                    <div class=\"mb-4 lg:mb-2\">\n                        <a class=\"flex items-center hover:italic hover:text-dark-purple-80\" href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-management-for-beginners\" title=\"Project Management For Beginners: How To Manage A Project From Start To Finish\" aria-label=\"Project Management For Beginners: How To Manage A Project From Start To Finish\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"rounded-full w-14 h-14 mr-4 object-cover\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/project-management-112x67.jpg\" alt=\"Project Management For Beginners: How To Manage A Project From Start To Finish\" width=\"56\" height=\"56\">\n                            <span class=\"font-semibold font-heading leading-snug\">Project Management For Beginners: How To Manage A Project From Start To Finish<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A better, modern approach to the AAR process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While AARs have long been a staple for capturing valuable insights, the modern workplace demands a <strong>more evolved approach<\/strong> to keep up with the complexity and speed of today\u2019s projects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adapting the AAR process means diving deeper to uncover nuanced insights, zeroing in on the factors that truly drive success or failure, and listening to every critical voice. Our more modern twist keeps <a href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-team\"><u>project teams<\/u><\/a> agile, informed, and ready to continue improving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Focus on the <em>why <\/em>behind change<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Don\u2019t just settle for surface-level observations \u2014 dig into the <em>why<\/em> behind your successes and failures. To reach \u200csmart, informed decision-making, <strong>you need to understand the underlying reasons<\/strong> that led to the outcome. This deeper analysis is the only way you can mine truly rich insights to apply to your future projects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spend most of your time on what actually happened<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Spend the bulk of your time reviewing what <em>actually<\/em> happened rather than hypothetical situations or endless speculation. This is how you\u2019ll extract meaningful lessons \u2014 by <strong>relying on concrete data points and real examples<\/strong> to guide your discussions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Top Tip: Speaking of data, here\u2019s a good spot to incorporate some tooling. Use Toggl Track to collect data during your projects for precise and easy reviews during your discussions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Make participation mandatory (for key people)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A holistic review requires participation from all your key team members. Missing voices might lead to incomplete debriefs and missed opportunities for growth, which defeats the purpose of your AAR. <strong>Make attendance compulsory for those directly involved<\/strong> so you can ensure the necessary perspectives are heard and ultimately identify all the areas for improvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Make better decisions with the right tools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You might know all the steps of your AAR like the back of your hand, but using the right toolkit will elevate each AAR process phase. Toggl Track centralizes your data, tracks performance trends, and simplifies reporting.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tools with functionality for tracking time, managing budgets, and analyzing outcomes help team leaders organize the review process and enable you to apply those all-important lessons learned. Make your AAR process even more impactful and actionable by <a href=\"https:\/\/accounts.toggl.com\/track\/signup\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u><strong>trying Toggl Track for free<\/strong><\/u><\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"bp-cta my-8 p-6 rounded-[10px] relative text-center sm:pt-8 sm:pb-9 sm:my-12 md:flex md:gap-8 md:text-left md:items-center md:py-8 md:px-9 md:mt-8 md:mb-3 bg-pink-20\" data-colour-scheme=\"track\">\n        <div class=\"md:flex-1\">\n                            <h5 class=\"font-heading text-[1.35rem] font-bold max-w-[90%] mx-auto mt-1 mb-2 md:mt-0 md:ml-0\">Track performance trends to make better decisions<\/h5>\n                            <p class=\"mb-0 !text-base\">Toggl Track is a user-friendly time tracking tool that gives you powerful time data insights to optimize productivity and profitability.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <a class=\"inline-flex cursor-pointer min-h-12 text-lg justify-center items-center rounded-[100px] py-2.5 px-6 no-underline font-heading relative z-[2] hover:italic hover:bg-[#564260] mt-4 md:mt-0 bg-pink-100 text-white\" href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/\" title=\"Sign Up for Free\">Sign Up for Free<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover how to conduct an After Action Review to enhance team performance and project success. Learn the process now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":647,"featured_media":56335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[848,851],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-growth","category-project-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Try Toggl\u2019s (Better) Approach to After-Action Reviews<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how to conduct an After Action Review to enhance team performance and project success. 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