{"id":5202,"date":"2018-08-02T06:48:27","date_gmt":"2018-08-02T03:48:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.199.120.83\/~blog4507\/?p=5202"},"modified":"2024-06-15T07:41:05","modified_gmt":"2024-06-15T07:41:05","slug":"the-triple-constraints-of-project-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/the-triple-constraints-of-project-management","title":{"rendered":"The Triple Constraints of Project Management and Why They Matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Iron Triangle. The Triple Constraint Theory. They sound like the names of DC villains or underground political movements, but there\u2019s no need to call Batman. When you\u2019re managing a project, you\u2019re glad that they exist. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The triple constraints of project management define three interconnected elements that keep everything in perspective and on track. They are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scope<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Costs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The concept usually appears as a triangle, with quality as the focal point and the three constraints forming the vertices. Together they add up to a fixed set of expectations, a verified schedule, and an established budget. When planned carefully and balanced well as the project progresses, they can lead to a successful outcome.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5265\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01.jpg\" alt=\"triple constraints of project management\" width=\"2401\" height=\"1374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01.jpg 2401w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-1024x586.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-1536x879.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-2048x1172.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-700x400.jpg 700w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-1400x800.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-350x200.jpg 350w, https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/1807-TW-TRIPLE-CONTRAINTS-DIAGRAM_X2_01-940x538.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2401px) 100vw, 2401px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scope<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scope of a project determines and defines its goals, deliverables, tasks, and deadlines. In other words, scope specifies:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Required achievements<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What work is necessary to bring about the desired result<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you\u2019re managing scope, it\u2019s critical to create a sense of order by prioritizing tasks, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">assigning resources<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> efficiently, and carefully managing any changes requested by stakeholders. Many projects, however, fail with this vital constraint because:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has not been properly defined in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/4-phases-of-a-project-life-cycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">planning stages<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> OR<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The project manager agrees to changes that don\u2019t support project goals and deliverables<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Triple Connection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you increase the scope of your project, the budget or schedule will have to expand too. If, for example, your client widens the scope of a software project after learning about a similar, competing product now on the market, you may have to push up the delivery date and hire more staff to minimize schedule disruption, which in turn increases <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" title=\"project cost\" href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/project-cost-estimating\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">project cost<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5203\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/icons8-team-649367-unsplash-1.jpg\" alt=\"the triple constraints of project management\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also known as the schedule, a project\u2019s timeframe includes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The start and finish dates for activities, tasks, and milestones<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The logical sequence of all activities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The deadline for all deliverables<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective scheduling is integral to a positive outcome, which is why project management solutions like <a href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/plan\/index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Toggl Plan<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0use Gantt charts to visualize a timeline. Each task is included on the map, along with its duration and dependencies, so that everyone has a clear idea of how the project is progressing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The Triple Connection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you reduce the project\u2019s timeline, the cost will have to increase or the scope will have to decrease in order to restore balance. For example, if your customer asks you to bring a product launch date forward to coincide with a trade show or conference, you may have to add more people to meet the new deadline, which costs more in additional salaries. Alternatively, you could accommodate the schedule change by removing some product features, which decreases the scope of the project.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cost<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practically all projects have a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techrepublic.com\/article\/creating-your-project-budget-where-to-begin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">confirmed budget<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that provides the basis for cost control. For example, the client is willing to spend $60,000 to have you develop and deliver a new software platform for their business. When you measure actual costs against this approved budget, you can confirm whether the project is going according to plan or if changes are necessary. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cost is generally estimated using variables like the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historical costing data collected from similar projects<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assembling the going rate for all necessary goods and labor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any vendor bids submitted for the project<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk estimates<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any aspects of your project that have a monetary component become part of your cost structure and therefore your budget.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The Triple Connection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you reduce the project budget cost, the scope will have to be trimmed down or the timeline extended. This situation can occur if your client cuts the budget for any reason, such as poor financial performance at their parent company. Less money means that the scope needs to be reduced to accommodate the new budget and the deadline pushed back so that you can locate less expensive resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5204\" src=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/rawpixel-679095-unsplash-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4000\" height=\"2667\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What About Quality?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the theory is called the <\/span><b>triple<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> constraints of project management, \u2018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/learning\/project-management-foundations-quality\/what-is-project-quality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">quality<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 is often included in the equation as a fourth wheel. It is similar to scope except that it focuses on characteristics of the deliverable(s). Quality also works in the same manner as the three constraints. For example, if your project is running late or coming too close to budget limits, you may still be able to deliver, but some characteristics may have been eliminated to save time or the testing period could have to be cut short. In both cases, quality is affected.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also deliver a project on time and within both the scope and the budget, but the quality may not be what the customer was hoping for.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because this is a subjective factor, the only way to measure it is by holding regular conversations with <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stakeholders and clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why Do They Matter?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The triple constraint involves the balancing of scope, time, and cost until the project reaches a successful conclusion. Any changes to key attributes, whether they are requested by the client or come as a total surprise, will impact the others, requiring you to alter one or both of the other components to support the new additions or subtractions. Never assume that you can change one and leave the others as is: there is ALWAYS an effect on the other two that will call for some adjustments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you understand these interdependencies, you will know what accommodations must be made when the client cuts the budget, moves the deadline one week ahead, or dumps their entire wishlist of new product features on you at the last minute. You\u2019ll also be able to act more quickly, making any imbalances are as brief as possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many project managers have compared the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/programsuccess.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/02\/scope-time-and-cost-managing-the-triple-constraint\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">triple constraints of project management<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to a balancing act. Like juggling, it looks pretty straightforward- until you try it yourself. You also need to improve your mastery of the art via regular practice. Over time, the process can become intuitive based on experience, but until you reach that point, understanding this theory of checks and balances will help you make informed decisions during your project.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Iron Triangle. The Triple Constraint Theory. They sound like the names of DC villains or underground political movements, but there\u2019s no need to call&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":590,"featured_media":5205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[851,995],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management","category-resource-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Triple Constraints of Project Management and Why They Matter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toggl.com\/blog\/the-triple-constraints-of-project-management\" \/>\n<meta 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